Importance of seasonal growth patterns in modelling interactions between radiata pine and some common weed species

نویسندگان

  • Mark O. Kimberley
  • Brian Richardson
چکیده

Previously described weed competition models that use competition indices based on weed size relative to tree size (e.g., tree height divided by weed height) require models of weed growth and models of weed-free tree growth. A method is presented to model these using standard sigmoidal growth functions and to incorporate regular seasonal patterns of tree growth using Fourier series approximations. The method is tested against data from a field trial at Rotorua, New Zealand, in which Pinus radiata D. Don was grown both on its own and in competition with several common weed species. Weed and tree height were best modelled by a Weibull function, and tree ground line diameter by a Schumacher function. Seasonal fluctuations in both tree and weed growth were adequately modelled by a single-term Fourier series. All weed species showed very similar, strong seasonal fluctuations in height growth, peaking in February. Seasonal fluctuations in tree height growth, and especially diameter growth, were less marked and peaked earlier, in December. Simulations suggested that it is necessary to account for seasonal effects when modelling competition during the first year of growth, but that seasonal effects have less influence in subsequent years. Résumé : Les modèles déjà publiés de compétition des adventices qui utilisent des indices de compétition basés sur la taille des adventices relativement à celle des arbres (p. ex., la hauteur de l’arbre divisée par celle de la végétation concurrente) nécessitent des modèles de croissance de la végétation concurrente et des arbres libres de compétition adventice. Une méthode est présentée pour les modéliser à l’aide de fonctions de croissance sigmoïdes standards et pour incorporer les patrons saisonniers réguliers de la croissance des arbres à l’aide d’approximations utilisant les séries de Fourier. Cette méthode a été testée à l’aide de données provenant d’un essais au champs à Rotorua (Nouvelle-Zélande) dans lequel des plants de Pinus radiata D. Don. ont été laissés libres de croître seuls ou en compétition avec plusieurs espèces adventices communes. Une fonction de Weibull a fourni la meilleure explication de la hauteur des arbres et des adventices et une fonction de Schumacher, celle du diamètre au collet des arbres. Les fluctuations saisonnières de la croissance des arbres et des adventices ont été modélisées adéquatement à l’aide d’un terme unique des séries de Fourier. Toutes les espèces adventices ont montré des fluctuations saisonnières comparables en croissance en hauteur, avec un pic en février. Les fluctuations saisonnières de la croissance en hauteur et surtout en diamètre des arbres étaient moins marquées et présentaient un pic plus tôt, en décembre. Des simulations indiquent qu’il est nécessaire de tenir compte des effets saisonniers lorsqu’on modélise la compétition pendant la première année de croissance mais que les effets saisonniers ont moins d’importance dans les années subséquentes. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Kimberley and Richardson 194

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تاریخ انتشار 2004